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The first university in Wrocław, Poland, was established more than 500 years ago. King Vladislaus II signed the foundation deed in 1505, but the university did not last long due to Cracow Academy's opposition. Wrocław would have to wait for a university.
By the middle of the 19th century Wrocław had a number of educational institutions, and one was the University of Breslau. Wrocław is also referred to as Breslau. When the university was actually established, Wrocław became a most impressive university.
Scholars lecturing at the university have included Johann Dirichlet, the mathematician; Ferdinand Cohn, the biologist; and Gustav Kirchhoff, the physicist. Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet provided the modern formal definition of a function. During his career, biologist Ferdinand Julius Cohn studied algae, plant physiology and bacteria, publishing over 150 studies. Cohn made the University of Breslau a center for plant physiology and microbiology. In 1885, he received the Leeuwenhoek Medal, which is the medal granted every ten years to the scientist determined to have contributed the most to microbiology during the past ten years. Physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff worked with black body radiation, coining the term in 1862. Kirchhoff's laws on independent concepts in circuit theory and thermal emission are named after him. Alumni at the University of Breslau include Nobel winners Friedrich Bergius, Hans Georg Dehmelt, Paul Ehrlich, Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen, and Otto Stern.
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